麻豆国产

The Southern Border

Is the southern border creating its own culture? (Episode 3)

In the latest episode of the Mason digital series "麻豆国产 Future, Transformed," associate professor Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera describes a southern border that plays against stereotypes of drugs, violence, and undocumented immigration, and where "borderlanders" are creating their own culture.

It's about trade, it's about culture, music, a different way of life, because we鈥檙e talking about two countries, and we're talking about two cultures together that sometimes mix and form what is called a third country, un tercer pa铆s.听听

Dr. Gaudalupe Correa-Cabrera

English Transcript

Transcript EP 3: 麻豆国产 Future, Transformed: Is the Southern Border Creating its Own Culture?

Dr. Gregory Washington:听

I am Mason President Gregory Washington welcoming you to another episode of 麻豆国产 Future, Transformed, a series of conversations with Mason's leading experts about solutions to the grand challenges of today and tomorrow. Today I'm joined by Dr. Guadalupe Carrera-Cabrera of Mason's Schar School of Policy and Government to talk about the challenges and opportunities along the U.S.-Mexico border. In the news, the situation on the U.S.-Mexico border is often described as a crisis. In this context, there's been a lot of emphasis about crime along the border and criminals crossing the border. What is the problem and why is the problem described this way?听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听

Well, there is a problem. We're just talking about the border in a negative sense. The border is a fascinating place, it is a place that's very diverse with wonderful people, that involves a lot of dynamics that does not have to do only with border violence, drug trafficking, and undocumented migration. These, uh, themes have been at the center of the discussion in the United States with regards to the MexicoU.S. border. When, when people describe, particularly the media and politicians in this country, describe the border, they talk about these three themes. But the border is more than that. People live there. It's about trade, it's about culture, music, uh, different way of life because we are talking about two countries, and we're talking about two cultures together that sometimes mixed and form what is called a third country 鈥斕un tercer pais.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听

We hear all this talk of cartels and, ah, large number of undocumented people crossing the border and the like. How do we move beyond the stereotypes involving law enforcement and involving these kinds of things?听

Dr. Guadalupe Corre-Cabrera:听

The image of, or what I call myth of the Mexican cartels led by violent drug lords like El Chapo Guzman, or, uh, I mean we, we talk about many other, uh, bad guys that, uh, that are, you know, presented in a certain way, featured in a certain way, uh, that commit crimes and kill people. And this is wrong. Why? First of all, because this drives policy in a certain way. We cannot think about El Chapo Guzman. This is something much more complex. It's about the consumption of drugs, the demand for drugs and the supply for drugs. This is a much more complex issue that does not only involve a Mexican organization led by a Mexican man, and when Mexican or Latin American people are working there. This is much more complex and we are probably not, should not be talking about cartels. We are really talking about a network of different actors working to get the drugs from the, from the, from point one, where they are produced, to where they are distributed and consumed. And we are talking about, uh, organizations that sell precursors, that pro, I mean that produce drugs and also try, I mean, uh, companies that transport drugs, enforcers, uh, that protects the cargo and a number of actors like corrupt authorities and people who distribute the drugs in the neighborhoods.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听

We often talk about how all of this connects to jobs in the country. Is there a connection between jobs and opportunity and what's happening at the border?听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听

Yes, it is. We see many people trying to make it to this country. The immigration system in this country is broken. The asylum system in this country is broken. And there have been attempts. The attempts have been, uh, performed or by two parties bipartisan efforts to design comprehensive immigration reform to fix this broken system because people want to work here. Jobs are available, but there are no legal migration pathways. People who have the resources to pay a smuggler are going to get into the United States, are going to, uh, to get a job.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听

Hmm. So your upcoming book describes your travels along the entire length of the border as you explored its communities, their food, their customs and culture. Why is it important to bring those issues to light?听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听

Because the conversation has been centered on the negative things about the border. And because I lived at the border, my co-author lived at, was born at the border, uh, at a border city, we have traveled three, as I said, three times all along the border. We, we, we, we took thousands of photographs that are gonna be, um, that are gonna be included in this, in this book. We want, we want, uh, our readers, the people who read the book, to, to know more, to know that this is not just a place, uh, of negative things and to understand really the dynamics because also the topic of migration has been misunderstood in this country, uh, has been connected with drugs, but migration has been connect, has to be connected with, with the great things, with jobs, with possibilities, with opportunities. And the border starting to, uh, lay out what the border is about, that it's more than drugs, violence, security, walls, division. It's about people, it's about connections. It's about a culture of two countries, a third country, that it's the mixture between two nations.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听

Well, as I turn to you all here today, we have a number of our students in the audience. I'd like to open it up, uh, for questions. So any questions you have, uh, would be greatly appreciated.听

厂迟耻诲别苍迟:听

Okay. So, um, that was a lovely conversation to listen to, by the way. Do you think it's better to tackle the supply of the drug problem at the border or tackle the demand? Which I'm thinking more towards demand, because I, I think the best way to tackle this problem is by starting with young children and improving education on it. Cuz I know I had my dare pledge not to do drugs in middle school, but other than that, that was it. Um, so, yeah, it just seems very easy for young people to fall into this.听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听

This is a wonderful question. Since the declaration of the War on Drugs by former president Richard Nixon, the focus of this strategy, drug strategy, drug policy in the United States has been the supply and it has been a total failure. The focus of the DEA, the kingpin strategy going after the narcos, going after the Mexicans, going after the Colombians. What do we have now after almost 50 years of war on drugs, almost $1 trillion that we have been spent on fighting, uh, the cartels, mainly? Nothing. We have, we had the second phase of the opioid epidemic, the fentanyl crisis. So there's nothing more failed than, than, than the, than the drug, that drug policy in the United States. Of course, of course, we have to focus on prevention. We have to focus on the demand because demand creates its own supply. That's what is happening. You kill or you arrest one drug lord, and then another drug lord is coming because the, the business is so lucrative.听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听

And if we don't deal with this, uh, issue as an issue of public health with education, and, uh, I mean with the communities, the, the, the society is very sick in many ways. Uh, the regions of, of this crisis also has to do with the pharmaceutical companies has to do also with crisis of the real estate sector. People lose their homes, people lose their illusions. Uh, people have expectations. And expectations are never fulfilled because we live in a very unequal nation. We have to deal with the root causes of the consumption of drugs in the United States.听

Student:

Thank you for your answer.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听

I'd like to thank you, Professor Carrera Cabrera, for your time today in engaging us. And I want to thank all of you for being a part of this week's episode of our Future, Transformed.听

Spanish Transcript

Dr. Gregory Washington:听听

yo soy Mason presidente Gregory Washington, dando la bienvenida usted a otro episodio de nuestro futuro Transformados, una serie de conversaciones con los principales expertos de Mason sobre soluciones a los grandes desaf铆os de hoy y ma帽ana. Hoy me acompa帽a la Dra. Guadalupe Carrera-Cabrera de la Escuela de Pol铆tica Shar de Mason y Gobierno para hablar de la retos y oportunidades a lo largo del Frontera entre Estados Unidos y M茅xico. en las noticias el La situaci贸n en la frontera entre Estados Unidos y M茅xico es a menudo descrito como una crisis, en este contexto ha habido mucho 茅nfasis en el crimen a lo largo de la frontera y criminales cruzando la frontera. Cu谩l es el problema y por qu茅 el problema se describe as铆 驴forma?听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听

Bueno, hay un problema, solo estamos hablando de la frontera en negativo sentido. La frontera es un lugar fascinante, es un lugar que es muy diverso con gente maravillosa, eso implica mucha din谩mica que no tiene que ver solo con la frontera violencia, narcotr谩fico y migraci贸n indocumentada. Estos temas tienen estado en el centro de la discusi贸n en los Estados Unidos con respecto a la Frontera M茅xico-Estados Unidos. Cuando las personas describir, en particular los medios de comunicaci贸n y pol铆ticos de este pa铆s, describen la frontera hablan de estos tres temas Pero la frontera es m谩s que eso, la gente vive all铆. Se trata de comercio, es sobre cultura, m煤sica, una forma diferente de vida, porque estamos hablando de los dos pa铆ses, y estamos hablando de dos culturas juntas que a veces se mezclan y formar lo que llam贸 un tercer pa铆s, un tercer pa铆s.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听听

Escuchamos toda esta charla de c谩rteles y un gran n煤mero de personas indocumentadas cruzando la frontera y similares. C贸mo podemos ir m谩s all谩 de los estereotipos que implican la aplicaci贸n de la ley y la participaci贸n de estos 驴Tipo de cosas?听

Dr. Guadalupe Corre-Cabrera:听听

La imagen de, o lo que yo llamo un mito de la C谩rteles mexicanos liderados por violentos narcos se帽ores como El Chapo Guzm谩n. Quiero decir, hablamos de muchos otros malos que son, ya sabes, presentados en un de cierta manera, presentado de cierta manera, que delinquen y maten personas, y esto est谩 mal . 驴Por qu茅? En primer lugar, porque esto impulsa la pol铆tica de cierta manera. Nosotros No puedo pensar en El Chapo Guzm谩n. Este es algo mucho m谩s complejo. Es sobre el consumo de drogas, la demanda de drogas y la oferta de drogas Este es un tema mucho m谩s complejo. que no solo involucra a un mexicano organizaci贸n dirigida por un hombre mexicano, o cuando los mexicanos o latinoamericanos est谩n trabajando all铆. esto es mucho m谩s complejo, y probablemente no deber铆amos No estar hablando de c谩rteles. somos realmente hablando de una red de diferentes actores trabajando para conseguir la drogas del punto uno, desde donde se producen hasta donde se distribuyen y consumen. Somos hablando de organizaciones que venden precursores, que producen drogas y tambi茅n empresas que transportan drogas, ejecutores que protegen la carga, y una serie de actores como autoridades corruptas y personas que distribuir la droga en los barrios.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听听

a menudo hablamos sobre c贸mo todo esto se conecta con los trabajos en el pa铆s. 驴Hay una conexi贸n? entre trabajos y oportunidades y lo que es pasando en la frontera?听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听听

S铆, lo es. Vemos a mucha gente tratando de llegar a este pa铆s. El sistema de inmigraci贸n en este pa铆s. est谩 roto. El sistema de asilo en este el pa铆s est谩 roto. y ha habido intentos Los intentos han sido, eh, realizado o por dos partidos bipartidistas esfuerzos para dise帽ar reforma migratoria para arreglar este roto porque la gente quiere trabajar aqu铆. Hay trabajos disponibles, pero no hay V铆as de migraci贸n legal. Personas que tienen los recursos para pagar a un contrabandista son van a entrar a los Estados Unidos, son va a, eh, a conseguir un trabajo.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听听

Hmm. As铆 que tu pr贸ximo libro describe sus viajes a lo largo de todo el longitud de la frontera a medida que exploraba su comunidades, su alimentaci贸n, sus costumbres y cultura. 驴Por qu茅 es importante llevar esos cuestiones a la luz?听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听听

Porque el la conversaci贸n se ha centrado en la cosas negativas sobre la frontera. Y porque yo viv铆a en la frontera, mi coautor vivi贸 en, naci贸 en el frontera, eh, una ciudad fronteriza, hemos viajado tres, como dije tres veces todo el tiempo la frontera. Nosotros, nosotros, nosotros, tomamos miles de fotograf铆as que van a ser, um, eso van a estar incluidos en esto, en esto libro. Queremos, queremos, eh, nuestros lectores, el personas que leen el libro, para, para saber m谩s, saber que este no es solo un lugar, eh, de cosas negativas y entender realmente la din谩mica porque tambi茅n el tema de la migraci贸n ha sido mal entendida en este pa铆s, eh, se ha relacionado con las drogas, pero la migraci贸n ha sido connct, tiene que estar conectado con, con las grandes cosas, con trabajo, con posibilidades, con oportunidades. Y la frontera comienza a, eh, establecer de qu茅 se trata la frontera, que es m谩s que drogas, violencia, seguridad, paredes, divisi贸n. Se trata de personas, es sobre conexiones. Se trata de una cultura de dos pa铆ses, un tercer pa铆s, que es la mezcla entre dos naciones.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听

Bueno, cuando me dirijo a todos ustedes aqu铆 hoy, tener un n煤mero de nuestros estudiantes en el audiencia. Me gustar铆a abrirlo, eh, para preguntas. As铆 que cualquier pregunta que tengas, eh, ser铆a muy apreciado.听

Estudiante:听听

Bueno. entonces esa fue una conversaci贸n encantadora para escucha, por cierto. 驴Crees que es mejor abordar la abastecimiento del problema de las drogas en la frontera o hacer frente a la demanda? que estoy pensando m谩s hacia la demanda, porque yo, Creo que la mejor manera de abordar esto el problema es empezar con ni帽os peque帽os y mejorando educaci贸n al respecto. Porque s茅 que tuve mi atr茅vete a prometer no consumir drogas en el medio escuela, pero aparte de eso, eso era todo. Um, entonces, s铆, parece muy f谩cil que los j贸venes caigan en esto.听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听听

Este es una pregunta maravillosa. Desde el declaraci贸n de la Guerra contra las Drogas por ex presidente Richard Nixon, el foco de esta estrategia, estrategia de drogas, drogas pol铆tica en los Estados Unidos ha sido la suministro y ha sido un fracaso total. El foco de la DEA, el Kingpin estrategia ir tras los narcos, ir tras los mexicanos, yendo tras los colombianos. 驴Qu茅 tenemos ahora despu茅s de casi 50 a帽os de una guerra contra las drogas, casi $ 1 bill贸n que hemos sido gastado en luchar, eh, los c谩rteles, principalmente? Nada. Tenemos, tuvimos la segunda fase de la epidemia de opi谩ceos, el fentanilo crisis. As铆 que no hay nada m谩s fallido que, que el, que la droga, que Pol铆tica de drogas en los Estados Unidos. De por supuesto, por supuesto, tenemos que centrarnos en prevenci贸n. Tenemos que centrarnos en el demanda porque Iman crea su propia suministrar. Eso es lo que est谩 pasando. Tu matas o arresta a un narcotraficante y luego viene otro capo de la droga porque el, el el negocio es tan lucrativo.听

Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera:听听

Y si no lo hacemos tratar este, eh, problema como un problema de salud p煤blica con educaci贸n, y, eh, quiero decir con las comunidades, la, la, la sociedad est谩 muy enfermo en muchos sentidos. Uh, las rigiones de, de esta crisis tambi茅n tiene que ver con las compa帽铆as farmac茅uticas tienen que hacer tambi茅n con crisis del real estate sector. La gente pierde sus casas, la gente perder sus ilusiones. Uh, la gente tiene Expectativas. Y las expectativas nunca son cumplida porque vivimos en un mundo muy naci贸n desigual. Tenemos que lidiar con el Causas profundas del consumo de drogas. en los Estados Unidos.听

Estudiante:听听

Gracias por su respuesta.听

Dr. Gregory Washington:听听

Me gustar铆a darle las gracias, profesor Carrera Cabrera, por tu tiempo hoy y atractivo a nosotros. Y quiero agradecerles a todos por ser parte del episodio de esta semana de Nuestro futuro transformado.听

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About the Series

Mason President Gregory Washington hosts a new YouTube series听titled听鈥麻豆国产 Future, Transformed: Mason Spotlights the World鈥檚 Grand Challenges.鈥澨齌he series features faculty experts speaking about some of the most debated and significant topics of our day with an audience of听听students. Experts in the first season discuss the key solutions to key issues, including water policies in the West, police reform, problems at our Southern border, clean energy, and getting more women into STEM fields.

Guest Bio

Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera听(Ph.D. in Political Science, The New School for Social Research) is a Professor at the , George Mason 麻豆国产. Her areas of expertise are Mexico-U.S. relations, organized crime, immigration/migration, border security, social movements, and human trafficking.

Explore Honors College

The听George Mason 麻豆国产 Honors College听is a place where students are highly motivated, perpetually learning, and inquisitive. Here, we ask questions that allow us to engage with our world in meaningful ways.听.


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